This culminated in the development of a new DLC package ten years after Apocalypse Weekend's release, Paradise Lost. After the buggy bullshit of Apocalypse Weekend and Akella completely mangling Postal 3 in the name of saving money (seriously who the fuck releases a game without an esrb rating), Running With Scissors decided, with the sudden jump in popularity the original Postal 2 had attained, to go back to it and start updating it again. Further research may lead to new insights as for why this is the case.Paradise Lost is DLC for Postal 2 released on April 17th, 2015, exactly twelve years and four days after the initial game's release. The first result is in line with previous research, whereas the latter result contradicts previous findings. However, over this period, the number of English and English-derived swearwords has decreased. Results show that, in the most recent season, more swearwords are used in general than 15 years ago. This paper attempts to fill these research gaps via a diachronic research on the use of (English) swearwords in two seasons of the Dutch reality television show Wie is de Mol? and focuses on changes in the number of swearwords related to age and gender and motives for swearing. It is under the influence of television series and the internet that English swearwords have entered the Dutch language and are being used increasingly, both by young and old, and male and female speakers (Van Sterkenburg, 2008b). Moreover, taking into account that the role of English within Dutch language and culture has grown over this same period, it is striking that, thus far, few studies have looked into the use of English swearwords in Dutch. Although swearing is a topic that has been thoroughly investigated, little research has focused on swearing in the Netherlands. Over the past few decades, an increase of swearwords has been monitored in both general conversation and the mass media results by Littleton (2001) indicate that the number of swearwords almost tripled on network television between 19. A case study is discussed to illustrate the application of process-oriented methodologies based on manuscript analysis for investigating the issue of agency and creativity in dubbing.

We know that the dialogues are further altered in the subsequent stages of production, since both the dubbing director and the dubbing actors may intervene and modify the dubbing script to a greater or lesser extent (Bollettieri Bosinelli 2002: 87, Paolinelli and Di Fortunato 2005). The dialogue translator will usually do a rough translation, a more or less literal version of the dialogue list, which will then be passed on to the dialogue adapter, whose task is to create convincing dialogues that meet all the lip-sync requirements (Pavesi 2005, Chiaro 2009, Chaume 2012).

The production process of dubbing involves a chain of agents who all contribute to “the creative construction of the target dialogue” (Taylor 1999: 432). This article aims to show the relevance of archival and manuscript research (Munday 2012, 2013) for the study of dubbing and focuses on the role played by the various figures involved in the translation process. An analysis of the quantitative data from the BEQ and the interview data confirmed the findings of the quantitative analysis while adding rich detail about the difficulties in deciding which language to choose for swearing. A statistical analysis of the quantitative data revealed that despite similar levels of self-perceived proficiency and frequency of use in the L1 and L2, the L1 was used significantly more for swearing and L1 swearwords were perceived to have a stronger emotional resonance.

The second group consisted of 20 multilinguals with a similar sociobiographical profile who were interviewed about their language choice for the communication of emotion. The first group consisted of 386 adult multilinguals who filled out the Bilingualism and Emotion web based questionnaire (BEQ, Dewaele and Pavlenko, 2001–2003) and had declared that they were maximally proficient in their L1 and L2 and used both languages constantly. The present study investigates language preferences for swearing among two groups of multilinguals.

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